A difficult concept to separate from pronunciation is often done by yourself called compliance with available resources (Weick 1993, Cunha et al., 1999).

Most pronunciation studies refer to two concepts (for example, Moorman and Miner, 1998b, Baker et al., 2003).

Cunha et al. (1999), reorganization taking place in real time, planned actions must use available resources instead of waiting for optimal resources.

They also ask the idea that it can do the same thing in your preprogrammed situations. However, they do not take into account situations in which the costs of organizations using the best resources are prohibitive.

In such situations, you need to complete the previous planning.

Actions regardless of the time window in which these actions are to take place; rich

It is possible that DIY also occurs outside of improvisation situations.

The concepts of improvisation and do-it-yourself are not synonymous; Even if those who make themselves can also occur outside the improvisation situation, time constraints imply that improvisation almost always involves DIY elements.

2.4.3 Factors influencing the practice of pronunciation.

Many factors influence the practice of pronunciation, but some are often considered as an experience/ experience/training/education system, situational awareness, culture/values, and organizational structure.

1. Experience / Experience / Training

Factors related to experience and influence experience

Excellence Pronunciation Klein (1999) identified three aspects of the experience that allow decision-makers to make a simple decision: the ability to identify available points and to use counterfactual odds (described above) to: develop and understand what is typical of a situation.

According to Klein, experiences can be enhanced through experience and training, including the simulation of the practical mental experience of the proposed new action, an important part of the RPD model presented above.

Experience and practice add the probability that people's perspectives (pattern recognition) are based on skills rather than faulty heuristics

(Kahneman and Klein 2009).

2. Training/system

Hockey et al. (2007) found that the formation of groups of systems on key control tasks, especially in complex and unknown circumstances, yielded better results and indicated that a broad knowledge of the general principles contained in the annex to a system based on moving studies Activating new things can be a situation based on rules that can not be used

Also, found by Contogiannis and Linou (2000) seems to be a training system

allowing a better transition to new environments to detect and correct errors.

Although these studies do not focus specifically on improvisation, the application or adoption of a procedure for a new situation is of the utmost importance for the pronunciation that indicates this synthesis, particularly as regards the way in which Some parts of the system are also relevant. and interacting with each other is an important influence on the restoration.

Education / System involves the study of general concepts that can be universal throughout an entire system, also called systematic training.

3. Awareness of the Situation

Another factor that improves improvisation is knowledge of the situation: the person

Understanding based on what is happening in a dynamic system External objectives (Smith and Hancock, 1995). It is important to determine when improvisation is needed and what this synthesis should do.

Weick (1993) conducted a detailed study of the behavior of firefighters.

He discovered that firefighters, who could accurately assess the situation, had identified the lack of procedures and, if necessary, designed temporary solutions.

Mendoncua (2007) emphasized the importance of a precise assessment of the situation in his study of the 2001 emergency response to the World Trade Center attack.

4. Culture / Values

Roux-Dufort and Vidaillet (2003) identified the organizational culture (beliefs, customs, and values of an organization) as a factor influencing pronunciation. The manner of dealing with organizational offenses and offenses was classified as particularly influential, and Roux-Dufort and Vidaillet concluded that the fear of sanctions or reprisals made the task of members of the various organizations involved in Nantes impossible. on fire, fluid.

This corroborates the results of Mendoncyon et al. (2004) that workers have "safe" Environment based on an experimental culture where to fix; Vera and Crossan (2005), in particular, to emphasize the importance of "experimental culture" (p.207), the exemptions and measures in force are considered as a legitimate means of understanding the situation.

Experimental crops support new approaches by providing resources such as time and money, as well as resources that WTO members can do immediately, affecting not only the frequency but also the effectiveness of pronunciation.

5. Organization structure.

Mendonc¸a et al. (2004) also highlighted the minimal organizational structure based on

The idea that the hierarchy and structure dictated by the highest level of an organization are not always able to adapt to local circumstances. This idea is repeated by Cunha et al. (2003) and Bigley and Roberts (2001).

He identified three factors that allowed firefighters to function reliably: structural mechanisms, limited transformations, and cognitive management procedures. It has been found that limited pronunciation gives more flexibility to structural mechanisms (the mechanisms in which the organization can quickly change its formal structure).

Transformation is largely influenced by structural mechanisms, called evacuation authorities and change of functions. This means that decision-making for those with more experience and the supervision of the authorities, with the right to grant conditional independence, reduces the development and implementation of innovative solutions to unforeseen problems, including solutions that may violate standards of operational procedures. The results were reported by Størseth et al. (2009, 2010), it is recommended that organizations seeking a successful improvisation be reconfigured quickly and efficiently, depending on the circumstances. Klein (2007a) also explains that implementation involves adapting objectives to local conditions. A structure for implementation should also support synthesis.

2.4.4 Relationship with organizational innovations

Transformation can also be distinguished from other relevant literary terms (Moorman and Miner, 1998). Pronunciation is above all a special case of organizational innovations defined as a break with existing training or knowledge (Rogers 1983, Zaltman, Duncan and Holbek, 1973).